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{{Infobox Person| name = Gavrilo Princip| image = gavrilloprincip.jpg| caption = Gavrilo Princip in prison cell at Terezín, [Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austro-Hungarian Empire, [Bohemia, Austria-Hungary-->
Gavrilo Princip (
Serbian Cyrillic alphabet: Гаврило Принцип, ) ( – ) was an ethnic Serbs, but later proclaimed to be a Yugoslavs Nationalisthttp://www.bookrags.com/Gavrilo_Princip Gavrilo Princip, with links to a group known as the Young Bosnia, who
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg in Sarajevo on June 28,
1914. The event was the catalyst for the
Austria-Hungary action against the
Kingdom of Serbia that led to
World War I.
Early life
Princip was born in the village of
Obljaj, near Bosansko Grahovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Austria-Hungary, the son of a postman. His parents, Petar and Marija (née Mićić), had nine children, five sons and four daughters, six of whom died in infancy. His health was poor from an early age. His impoverished parents could not afford to feed him and sent him to live with an older brother in
Sarajevo.
Most historians agree that Princip was a member of Young Bosnia; that the group got its weapons from the Black Hand (
Црна рука/Crna ruka); and that the latter group was at least somewhat responsible for coordination, training, and/or supplying weapons for the forthcoming assassination attempt on Franz FerdinandDennis Hupchick,
The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism (New York: MacMillan, 2004), 318.. The Young Bosnia movement was a group made up of Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims, committed to the independence of the South Slavic peoples from Austria-Hungary.
In February 1912, Princip took part in protest demonstrations against the Sarajevo authorities for which he was expelled from school. Following his expulsion, he went to Belgrade. In Belgrade, he sought to gain admission to the First Belgrade Gymnasium (school) but failed the entrance exam.
In 1912, Serbia was abuzz with mobilization for the
First Balkan War. Princip planned to join the
komite, irregular Serbian guerrilla forces under Serbian Major
Vojislav Tankosic which had fought in Macedonia (region) against Ottoman units. Tankosic was a member of the central committee of the secret society Unification or Death (
Ujedinjenje ili Smrt). Princip, however, was rejected by the komite in Belgrade because of his small physical stature. He then went to Prokuplje in Southern Serbia where he sought a personal interview with Tankosić. Tankosić, however, rejected Princip for being "too small and too weak." He was determined to compensate for his lack of physical stature and the underestimation of his abilities that he was subjected to. Dedijer argued that his rejection was "one of the primary personal motives which pushed him to do something exceptionally brave in order to prove to others that he was their equal.
Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Background
On
June 28,
1914 Gavrilo Princip participated in the assassination in Sarajevo. General
Oskar Potiorek, Governor of the Austrian provinces of
Bosnia-Herzegovina had invited Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and
Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg to watch his troops on manoeuvers. Franz Ferdinand knew that the visit would be dangerous, knowing his uncle, Franz Josef I of Austria, had been the subject of an assassination attempt by the Black Hand in 1911.
Timeline
Double Phaeton in the
Heeresgeschichtliches Museum.Just before 10 o'clock on Sunday, the royal couple arrived in
Sarajevo by train. In the front car was Fehim Čurčić, the
Mayor of Sarajevo and Dr. Gerde, the city's Commissioner of Police. Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were in the second car with Oskar Potiorek and Count von Harrach. The car's top was rolled back in order to allow the crowds a good view of its occupants.
The seven members of the group lined the route. They were spaced out along the Appel Quay, each one with instructions to try to kill Franz Ferdinand when the royal car reached his position. The first conspirator on the route to see the royal car was Muhamed Mehmedbašić. Standing by the Austro-Hungarian Bank, Mehmedbašić lost his nerve and allowed the car pass without taking action. Mehmedbašićg later said that a policeman was standing behind him and feared he would be arrested before he had a chance to throw his bomb.
At 10:15 A.M., when the six car procession passed the central police station, nineteen-year-old student
Nedeljko Čabrinović hurled a
hand grenade at the archduke's car. The driver accelerated when he saw the object flying towards him and the bomb exploded under the wheel of the next car. Two of the occupants, Eric von Merizzi and Count Boos-Waldeck were seriously wounded. About a dozen spectators were also hit by bomb splinters.
After Čabrinović's bomb missed the Archduke's car, five other conspirators, including Princip, lost an opportunity to attack because of the heavy crowds and the high speed of the Archduke's car. To avoid capture, Čabrinović swallowed a Cyanide and jumped into the River Miljacka, but was hauled out and detained by police.
Franz Ferdinand later decided to go to the hospital and visit the victims of Čabrinović's failed bombing attempt. In order to avoid the city centre, General Oskar Potiorek decided that the royal car should travel straight along the Appel Quay to the Sarajevo Hospital. However, Potiorek forgot to inform the driver, Franz Urban, about this decision. On the way to the hospital, Urban took a right turn into Gebet Street.
, 1914.Princip had gone into Moritz Schiller's cafe for a
sandwich, having apparently given up, when he spotted Franz Ferdinand's car as it drove past, having taken the wrong turn. After realizing the mistake, the driver put his foot on the brake, and began to back up. In doing so the engine of the car stalled and the gears locked, giving Princip his shot. Princip stepped forward, drew his pistol, and at a distance of about five feet, fired several times into the car. Franz Ferdinand was hit in the neck and Sophie in the abdomen. Sophie died instantly. Franz Ferdinand, who in disbelief of her death insisted that she wake up, fainted within five minutes and died soon after.
Capture and imprisonment
Princip tried to kill himself first by ingesting
cyanide, and then with the use of his pistol. But he vomited the past-date poison (which
Nedeljko Čabrinović had also done, leading the police to believe the group had been deceived and bought a much weaker poison). The pistol was wrestled from his hand before he had a chance to fire another shot., 5th December, 1914).Princip was too young to receive the death penalty, being one month and three days short of his twentieth birthday at the time of the assassination. Instead, he received the maximum sentence of twenty years in prison. He was held in harsh conditions which were worsened by the war. He died of
tuberculosis on April 28 1918 at
Theresienstadt. At the time of his death Princip weighed around 40 kilograms (88 lbs)(6 stones), his body weakened by malnutrition, blood loss and disease.
Other information
Princip's
Browning 1910, serial number 19047, was found and recovered in June 2004 from a Jesuit monastery in Vienna. It is now in display at the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum. The second bullet fired by Princip, killing Franz Ferdinand, is stored as a museum exhibit in the Konopiště Castle near the town of Benešov,
Czech Republic.
Quotes
Notes
References
- Wolfson/Laver: Years of Change, European History 1890-1990 Third Edition Hodder Murray (Page 117)
External links
- Gavrilo Princip article at Schoolnet.co.uk
- Who's Who in World War I Gavrilo Princip at firstworldwar.com
{{Infobox Person| name = Gavrilo Princip| image = gavrilloprincip.jpg| caption = Gavrilo Princip in prison cell at Terezín, [Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Austro-Hungarian Empire, [Bohemia, Austria-Hungary-->
Gavrilo Princip (
Serbian Cyrillic alphabet: Гаврило Принцип, ) ( – ) was an ethnic
Serbs, but later proclaimed to be a
Yugoslavs Nationalisthttp://www.bookrags.com/Gavrilo_Princip Gavrilo Princip, with links to a group known as the Young Bosnia, who
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his
Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg in
Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. The event was the catalyst for the Austria-Hungary action against the
Kingdom of Serbia that led to
World War I.
Early life
Princip was born in the village of Obljaj, near
Bosansko Grahovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Austria-Hungary, the son of a postman. His parents, Petar and Marija (née Mićić), had nine children, five sons and four daughters, six of whom died in infancy. His health was poor from an early age. His impoverished parents could not afford to feed him and sent him to live with an older brother in Sarajevo.
Most historians agree that Princip was a member of Young Bosnia; that the group got its weapons from the
Black Hand (
Црна рука/Crna ruka); and that the latter group was at least somewhat responsible for coordination, training, and/or supplying weapons for the forthcoming assassination attempt on Franz FerdinandDennis Hupchick,
The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism (New York: MacMillan, 2004), 318.. The Young Bosnia movement was a group made up of Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims, committed to the independence of the South Slavic peoples from Austria-Hungary.
In February 1912, Princip took part in protest demonstrations against the Sarajevo authorities for which he was expelled from school. Following his expulsion, he went to Belgrade. In Belgrade, he sought to gain admission to the First Belgrade Gymnasium (school) but failed the entrance exam.
In 1912, Serbia was abuzz with mobilization for the
First Balkan War. Princip planned to join the
komite, irregular Serbian guerrilla forces under Serbian Major
Vojislav Tankosic which had fought in
Macedonia (region) against Ottoman units. Tankosic was a member of the central committee of the secret society Unification or Death (
Ujedinjenje ili Smrt). Princip, however, was rejected by the komite in Belgrade because of his small physical stature. He then went to Prokuplje in Southern Serbia where he sought a personal interview with Tankosić. Tankosić, however, rejected Princip for being "too small and too weak." He was determined to compensate for his lack of physical stature and the underestimation of his abilities that he was subjected to. Dedijer argued that his rejection was "one of the primary personal motives which pushed him to do something exceptionally brave in order to prove to others that he was their equal.
Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Background
On June 28, 1914 Gavrilo Princip participated in the
assassination in Sarajevo. General Oskar Potiorek, Governor of the Austrian provinces of
Bosnia-Herzegovina had invited Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg to watch his troops on manoeuvers. Franz Ferdinand knew that the visit would be dangerous, knowing his uncle, Franz Josef I of Austria, had been the subject of an assassination attempt by the Black Hand in 1911.
Timeline
Double Phaeton in the
Heeresgeschichtliches Museum.Just before 10 o'clock on Sunday, the royal couple arrived in Sarajevo by train. In the front car was Fehim Čurčić, the
Mayor of Sarajevo and Dr. Gerde, the city's
Commissioner of Police. Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were in the second car with Oskar Potiorek and
Count von Harrach. The car's top was rolled back in order to allow the crowds a good view of its occupants.
The seven members of the group lined the route. They were spaced out along the Appel Quay, each one with instructions to try to kill Franz Ferdinand when the royal car reached his position. The first conspirator on the route to see the royal car was Muhamed Mehmedbašić. Standing by the Austro-Hungarian Bank, Mehmedbašić lost his nerve and allowed the car pass without taking action. Mehmedbašićg later said that a policeman was standing behind him and feared he would be arrested before he had a chance to throw his bomb.
At 10:15 A.M., when the six car procession passed the central police station, nineteen-year-old student
Nedeljko Čabrinović hurled a
hand grenade at the archduke's car. The driver accelerated when he saw the object flying towards him and the bomb exploded under the wheel of the next car. Two of the occupants, Eric von Merizzi and Count Boos-Waldeck were seriously wounded. About a dozen spectators were also hit by bomb splinters.
After Čabrinović's bomb missed the Archduke's car, five other conspirators, including Princip, lost an opportunity to attack because of the heavy crowds and the high speed of the Archduke's car. To avoid capture, Čabrinović swallowed a
Cyanide and jumped into the River Miljacka, but was hauled out and detained by police.
Franz Ferdinand later decided to go to the hospital and visit the victims of Čabrinović's failed bombing attempt. In order to avoid the city centre, General Oskar Potiorek decided that the royal car should travel straight along the Appel Quay to the Sarajevo Hospital. However, Potiorek forgot to inform the driver,
Franz Urban, about this decision. On the way to the hospital, Urban took a right turn into Gebet Street.
, 1914.Princip had gone into Moritz Schiller's cafe for a
sandwich, having apparently given up, when he spotted Franz Ferdinand's car as it drove past, having taken the wrong turn. After realizing the mistake, the driver put his foot on the brake, and began to back up. In doing so the engine of the car stalled and the gears locked, giving Princip his shot. Princip stepped forward, drew his pistol, and at a distance of about five feet, fired several times into the car. Franz Ferdinand was hit in the neck and Sophie in the
abdomen. Sophie died instantly. Franz Ferdinand, who in disbelief of her death insisted that she wake up, fainted within five minutes and died soon after.
Capture and imprisonment
Princip tried to kill himself first by ingesting
cyanide, and then with the use of his pistol. But he vomited the past-date poison (which
Nedeljko Čabrinović had also done, leading the police to believe the group had been deceived and bought a much weaker poison). The pistol was wrestled from his hand before he had a chance to fire another shot., 5th December, 1914).Princip was too young to receive the death penalty, being one month and three days short of his twentieth birthday at the time of the assassination. Instead, he received the maximum sentence of twenty years in prison. He was held in harsh conditions which were worsened by the war. He died of
tuberculosis on April 28 1918 at Theresienstadt. At the time of his death Princip weighed around 40 kilograms (88 lbs)(6 stones), his body weakened by malnutrition, blood loss and disease.
Other information
Princip's
Browning 1910, serial number 19047, was found and recovered in June 2004 from a Jesuit monastery in Vienna. It is now in display at the
Heeresgeschichtliches Museum. The second bullet fired by Princip, killing Franz Ferdinand, is stored as a museum exhibit in the
Konopiště Castle near the town of Benešov,
Czech Republic.
Quotes
Notes
References
- Wolfson/Laver: Years of Change, European History 1890-1990 Third Edition Hodder Murray (Page 117)
External links
- Gavrilo Princip article at Schoolnet.co.uk
- Who's Who in World War I Gavrilo Princip at firstworldwar.com
Gavrilo Princip
Gavrilo Princip, the son of a postman, was born in Bosnia-Herzegovina in July, 1894. Gavrilo was one of nine children, six of whom died in infancy.
Gavrilo Princip - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gavrilo Princip (Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип, IPA: [gaʋ'ri:lɔ 'prinʦip]) (July 25, 1894 (1894-07-25) – April 28, 1918) was a Bosnian Serb and proclaimed himself ...
First World War.com - Who's Who - Gavrilo Princip
First World War.com - Who's Who - Gavrilo Princip ... Who's Who: Gavrilo Princip Updated - Saturday, 11 August, 2001. Gavrilo Princip (1894-1918) was born in June or July 1894 ...
Category:Gavrilo Princip - Wikimedia Commons
Media in category "Gavrilo Princip" The following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total.
Trenches on the Web - Bio: Gavrilo Princip
General Information "The Narodna Odbrana does not doubt that in the fight against the enemies with whom we stand face to face, our people will provide a succession of heroes."
Gavrilo Princip - Wikipedia
Gavrilo Princip (Obljaj, 25 luglio 1894 – Terezín, 28 aprile 1918) è stato un rivoluzionario serbo che, il 28 giugno 1914, assassinò a Sarajevo l'arciduca ...
Gavrilo Princip Biography Summary
Gavrilo Princip summary with 20 pages of encyclopedia entries, essays, summaries, research information, and more.
Princip, Gavrilo - MSN Encarta
Princip, Gavrilo 1894-1918, assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria and therefore immediate cause of World War I.
Gavrilo Princip - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Gavrilo Princip (* Obljaj, Bosnia Herzegovina, 25 de julio de 1894 - † 28 de abril de 1918) Asesino del Archiduque de Austria-Hungría Francisco Fernando y su esposa la Condesa ...
Gavrilo Princip -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Gavrilo Princip:South Slav nationalist who assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his consort ...
